Patrick J. Kidd - Windows&Software Topics -

Microsoft & Windows Topics

See also:
- Windows
  - Help
  - Windows Versions
  - Current Issues - Microsoft & Windows
- CapsLock ...
- NumLock ...
- PowerShell (in Windows) ...
- PowerToys ...
- Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
- Office 365 ... - Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, OneDrive, Teams, ToDo, Calendar, Skype
- Recovery
- Reset = Clean Install
- Restore points ...
- ScrollBar ...
- Shortcuts
- Startup ...
- Windows Installation & Setup ...
- Windows FAQ ...
- DOS - Run programs from the Command Line Interface (command=DOS CLI, cmd.exe=Windows CLI)
  - PowerShell
- Remote Access utilities ...

Help
- Windows
- Remote Access utilities ...
Password
- How to help keep your Microsoft account safe and secure
- Recover your account
- Reset Microsoft Account Password From Windows 10 Login Screen
- Reset a forgotten Microsoft account password
- Change your Microsoft account password
- Reset your Windows local account password
- Change local account password in Windows 10 - Microsoft Community
- 6 Easy Ways to Change Password In Windows 10
Virtual Machine
- See also: Windows Installation ...
How to edit the right-click context menu in Windows 10 File Explorer | TechRepublic
Remember & restore window location (size & position) for all apps
- How can I get Windows 7 to remember program windows size and position? - Super User
  - Try with Shift + close on the window (to save its position and size).
  - Holding the SHIFT key and then, in the program's File menu, select "Exit".
  - It seems to behave properly as long as you don't snap it to the edge of the screen to maximize it. I can drag the edge of the window to near the edge of the screen to a point where it is about to snap and then minimize the window. When I click on it in the taskbar again, it opens up to the correct size.
- How do I get Windows 10 to remember window size and position? - Microsoft Community
  - Right-click on the Taskbar and choose Cascade. That should put the window on the screen. Stretch the window out to the desired size and close it. It should open that size next time.
- DeskSoft - WindowManager - Window position and size manager - free demo/evaluation period - CDN$21 permanent licence with lifetime free upgrades
- ShellFolderFix - $0
  - Download ShellFolderFix - MajorGeeks
    - ShellFolderFix has no installer but it also has no uninstaller. It loads in your startup so you can't delete it without disabling it from starting with your computer. You can use a program like CCleaner to disable it from starup, reboot and then delete ShellFolderFixUI.exe and ShellFolderFixUI.dll wherever you're running it from.
  - ShellFolderFix - Download
  - ShellFolderFix Remembers Window Locations in Windows 7
- Basta ZMover - Desktop layout manager - $20
- Program to save visible windows' locations and later restore the layout - Software Recommendations Stack Exchange - List of windows layout managers.
Activate Hidden Features in Windows 10 Insider Builds
- Warning! Using mach2 could be very dangerous unless you really are a Windows expert.
- GitHub - riverar/mach2: Windows Feature Control Multi-tool
End-of-the-year cleanup checklist for Windows - TechRepublic
How to Block (or Allow) Certain Applications for Users in Windows
Allow Windows to Run Specified Programs Only - YouTube
Windows Guest Account Best Practices | IT Pro
25 Hidden Tricks Inside Windows 10 | PCMag.com
PowerShell - (part of Windows since 2006)
- See also: DOS ...
- PowerShellUnplugged: The latest features of PowerShell 7 | Microsoft Learn
  - Introduction to PowerShell - Training | Microsoft Learn
- PowerShell: A cheat sheet - TechRepublic
- PowerShell Tutorial: PowerShell Scripting Basics | TechRepublic
- Command Prompt vs. Windows PowerShell: What's the Difference?
- Announcing PowerShell 7.0 | PowerShell
- PowerShell 7.0: Eight changes you need to know - TechRepublic
- PowerShell: The smart person's guide - TechRepublic
- Microsoft: New Windows Terminal update is out and it's 'huge' - TechRepublic - 2019-08-06
- PowerShell - Wikipedia - Windows PowerShell
- PowerShell Documentation | Microsoft Docs
- Installing PowerShell on Windows - PowerShell | Microsoft Docs
- Microsoft.PowerShell.Management Module - PowerShell | Microsoft Learn
- Windows PowerShell Keeps Popping Up? 8 Ways to Fix
  - C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
    - Win-R (Windows > Start > Run) > shell:startup
  - PowerShell opens at Startup in Windows 11/10
Terminal - Windows Terminal
- How to Find the Wi-Fi Password of Any Network You've Connected To - CNET
  - Windows > Start > Micosoft Store > Windows Terminal > Install
7 commands to reinstall or upgrade Windows 10 computers - TechRepublic
Microsoft Windows 10 Review & Rating | PCMag.com - Release 1809
Start (menu icon in bottom left corner) > Settings > Update and Security > Troubleshoot
Browse InPrivate in Microsoft Edge
10 things you should do before, during, and after reinstalling Windows - TechRepublic - 2008-10-15
10 Neglected Windows Superpowers & How to Access Them
Secrets of the Windows Control Panel | PCMag
5 Windows 7 Features You Didn't Know Existed
Bill Gates' Web Site
Microsoft Download Center: Windows, Office, Xbox & More
NETBIOS - If you disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP, you may not be able to connect to computers that are running an OS other than W2K.
Office - by Microsoft ...
Search

SearchNT.com: The WindowsNT/Windows2000-Specific Search Engine
Swynk.com: SQL Server, SMS, Exchange, Microsoft, BackOffice, IIS, FAQs
TechNet
U.S. Department of Justice: Antitrust Division
Windows...
Worldwide Sites - Links to Office Contact Information & Worldwide Web Sites
8 Geeky Ways To Customize Windows To Your Needs

Windows Shortcuts ...

Current Issues - Microsoft & Windows

Homegroup ...
Libraries
How to Resolve Windows 7 “Not Responding” message "you don't have permission to access the share" - Microsoft Community
4 Cheap Ways To Obtain A Legal Copy Of Windows 7
Problem Solving
MSIE-8 (= Microsoft Internet Explorer 8)
- Problem: It’s running horribly. I am having a ton of performance problems with multiple tabs open. After opening four or five tabs, things slow down and the tab progress indicator spins endlessly if I try to open a new tab. In fact, the problem was so bad that simply closing IE wasn’t enough, as multiple processes of Iexplore.exe continued running and had to be killed manually.
- Solution: Run "regsvr32 actxprxy.dll" - then reboot
  - "That re-registers the ActiveX Interface Marshaling Library, an obscure DLL that most people (even Microsoft experts) had never heard about. (Update: 27-Mar: Note that if you try this using Windows Vista, you must do this from an elevated Command Prompt window; type cmd in the Start menu Search box, right-click the Cmd.exe shortcut, and then choose Run As Administrator. After restarting her computer, she tried using IE8 again. The results were stunning."
WGA = Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications

Windows Vista
Windows 7
Windows 8
Windows 8.1

Windows

Windows FAQ...
See also: DOS / Cmd
History

History of MS Windows
DOS	(1981)
Windows 1.0:	Cancelled
Windows 1.01:	(1985-11)
Windows 1.02:	(1986-05)
Windows 1.03:	(1986-08)
Windows 1.04:	(1987-04)
Windows 2.03:	(1987-12) Windows 286
Windows 2.10:	(1988-05)
Windows 2.11:	(1989-03)
Windows 3.0:	(1990-05) Windows 386 (16-bit for the Intel.80386 CPU)
Windows 3.1:	(1992-08)
Windows 3.1:	(1992-10) Windows for Workgroups 3.1 (WFW)
Windows 3.11:	(1993-11) Windows for Workgroups 3.11 (WFW)
Windows NT 3.5:	(1994-09)
Windows NT 3.51:	(1995-06)
Windows 4:	(1995-08) Windows 95. The last DOS-based version. CodeName=Chicago
Windows NT 4.0:	(1996-07) [=Windows Version 4.0]
Windows 4.3:	(1998-06) Windows 98 = Windows 95.3 - CodeName=Memphis
Windows 4.5:	(1999-05) Windows 98SE = Windows 95.5
Windows 4.6:	(2000-06) Windows ME = Windows 95.6
Windows 5:	(2000-02) Windows 2000 and Windows NT 5.0. The transition to the NT kernel.
Windows 5.5:	(2001-10) Windows XP. [=Windows Version 5.1] - CodeName=Whistler
Windows PE	Designed to replace DOS boot disk for Windows XP
Windows 6.0:	(2007-01) Vista. [=Windows Version 6.0] Incorporated a number of Longhorn (="Windows Server 2008") elements.
Windows 7:	(2009-10) Windows NT 6.1 kernel [=Windows Version 6.1]
Windows 8:	(2012-10) [=Windows Version 6.2]
Windows 8.1	(2013-10) [=Windows Version 6.3]
Windows 10	(2015) [=Windows Version 6.4]
Windows 11	(2021)

Versions:

DOS: Windows2.0, Windows3.0, Windows3.1
9x Kernel: Windows95 (1995), Windows98 (1998), Windows98SE (1999), Windows Millenium (2000), Windows Whistler (2001).
NT Kernel: WindowsNT, Windows2000, WindowsXP

Windows PE = WinPE = Windows Preinstallation Environment
- Windows Preinstallation Environment - Wikipedia
- Windows PE (WinPE) | Microsoft Docs
- Download WinPE (Windows PE) | Microsoft Docs
- Windows PE - Google Search
Windows 2000 = W2K

Windows 2000 Server

Windows XP

Windows XP stands for Windows Experience.
Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
Windows Updates
4 Ways To Bulletproof Windows XP Forever - 2013-08-12
Windows XP and the Future of the Desktop | ZDNet - 2014
Upgrade From Windows XP To A Modern OS In 7 Simple Steps - 2014-03-05
Microsoft Download Center
PowerToys ...
Windows Messenger - 302089 - How to Prevent Windows Messenger from Running on a Windows XP-Based Computer
Backups ... - )NTBackup, etc.)

Windows Vista
- Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
- Windows Updates
- How to activate the Hidden Vista Administrator. /Active:Yes
  - run cmd
    - Net user administrator /active:yes
    - or
    - secpol.msc > Local Policy > Security Options > Accounts: Administrator account status > enable
  - How to access the true Administrator account in Windows Vista
- Dirty dozen - 12 terrible Vista features to disable
- Dirty dozen – 12 Web tricks that put you in control | IT Business
- Windows Explorer Folder View settings | Vista Forums
- UAC = User Access Control = UAC
- Windows Vista: Get Ready
- Upgrade from Windows XP to Vista
Windows 7
- Windows Updates
- How to Resolve Windows 7 “Not Responding” message
- How To Activate Windows 7 via Phone Activation 'slui.exe 4' Client
- Libraries - Library Folders
Windows 8
- Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
- Windows Updates
- Windows 8 Support | Dell CANADA
- See StartMenu
- Upgrading
  - Upgrading Windows - Microsoft Windows
  - How to Prepare for a Windows 8 Upgrade - dummies
- Switching made easy: From Windows 7 to Windows 8 | Microsoft Windows - InfoWorld - page 1
- 10 things to try when applications won't work with Windows 8 | TechRepublic
- The ultimate Windows 8 upgrade FAQ | ZDNet
  - Everything you need to know about Windows 8 upgrades (FAQ part 2) | ZDNet
- Make Windows 8 boot straight to the desktop | TechRepublic
- How To Make Windows 8 Go Faster: 8 Tips For Improving Performance
- Start Menu
Windows 8.1
- Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
- See StartMenu
- Shortcuts
- Windows Updates
- How to Download Official Windows ISO Files Free from Microsoft
- Six Windows 10 annoyances: How to make them go away for good | ZDNet
- 6 Tools to Tweak the Windows 10 Start Menu
- Tips to Speed Up Windows 10 | PCMag
- How to Hide Anything in Windows
- Getting started tutorials for Windows - Windows tutorial
- 7 More Issues With Windows 8.1 That Can Be Fixed
- Navigating Windows 8 Apps on a Tablet
- Getting online - Microsoft Windows
- Windows 8 Is The Most Secure Version Yet: Here’s Why
- Microsoft Windows 8.1 Review | PCMag
- The Start button has returned. However, clicking the Start button doesn't take you to the Start Menu (as it did in all previous versions of Windows). This new "Start button" just returns you to the default Windows 8 Start environment (= the tile-based "Modern UI" = the UI formerly known as "Metro" = the silly cartoon UI designed for smartphones, not for real computers). You get the Start button, but you don't get one that works properly. See StartMenu
- The neutered Start button without a Start menu = A placebo Start button
- Boot to the traditional Desktop environment. MS doesn't want you to find this option. Right-click on the taskbar in Desktop, choose properties, then navigation (tab), select "Go to the desktop instead of Start when I sign in".
- 5 Ways To Improve Speed & Efficiency In Windows 8
- Windows 8.1 All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet
- How To Create A Custom Windows 8 Installation ISO
- Windows 8.1 Tips for Businesses | PCMag
- A Guide to Making the Most of Windows 8
- Pro tip: Simplify the Windows 8/7 Event Viewer by creating custom views - TechRepublic
- Easily Fix These Common Windows 8.1 Frustrations
- One Windows Tool To Get Instant Access To All Your Hardware Controls - Windows Mobility Centre (in Control Panel)
- Libraries - Library Folders
- Windows Can Do THIS? 15 Surprising Features You Had No Clue About
Windows 10
- Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
- See also: Encryption ...
- BitLocker Drive Encryption
- Download Windows 10
- Updates
  - Windows Updates
  - Microsoft originally launched Windows 10 in July 2015. Windows 10 was also Microsoft’s first version of Windows to be run like a service.
  - Microsoft stopped selling downloads for Windows 10 Home and Pro licenses 2023-01-31.
  - Microsoft stops officially supporting (updating) Windows 10 on 2025-10-14 (end-of-life).
- Upgrades
  - Windows Installation & Setup ...
  - After Windows 10 upgrade, do these seven things immediately | ZDNet
    - Create a recovery drive. - 16GB USB
    - Secure your user account. - two-factor authentication (2FA)
    - Turn on BitLocker drive encryption.
    - Configure Windows Update
    - Connect other accounts – (Office 365 and Gmail accounts)
    - Fine-tune Action Center settings
    - "go to the Windows.old directory and restore all of the programs which the Windows update decided to remove from the Program Files directories. These are mostly utilities that do specific things that are handy and which I use regularly, but which Microsoft has decided I am not allowed to use any more" - comment
    - "Control Panel and make sure that System Restore is still on" - comment
  - PowerToys ...
  - The procrastinator's guide to free Windows 10 upgrades | ZDNet
  - How to Download Windows 10 for Free - ExtremeTech
  - Windows 10 free upgrades are still unofficially available - ExtremeTech
    - Download Windows 10 - CA
    - Download Windows 10 - US
  - How to block Windows 10 upgrades | ZDNet
    - Open the Local Group Policy Editor
      - Cmd > gpedit.msc
      - Cmd > mmc.exe > File (menu) > Add/Remove Snap-in > Group Policy Object Editor > Browse > Add > Select Group Policy Object > Browse > This computer > Finish
        
        MMC > Console Root > Local Computer Policy:
        
        Computer Configuration / Administrative Templates / Windows Components / Windows Update Policy / Turn off the upgrade to the latest version of Windows through Windows Update
    - Cmd > Regedit > HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate
      - Create DWORD DisableOSUpgrade and set it to 1
    - Make the GWX icon, with its nagging notifications, vanish from the taskbar. To do that, you need to create the following key:
      - HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\GWX
      - Then create a DWORD value called DisableGWX and set it to 1
      - Restart the PC
  - Tips for Migrating to Windows 10 | Norton Community
  - How to upgrade to Windows 10: A step-by-step walkthrough - TechRepublic
  - 6 Mandatory Steps for a Safe Upgrade to Windows 10
- How to Run Windows 10 From a USB Drive | PCMag
  - WinToUSB | Best Windows To Go Creator to create portable Windows 10/8/7 USB drive! - $0 or $30
- How to Fix the Most Annoying Things in Windows 10 | PCMag
- How to troubleshoot a flakey Windows 10 system with the Memory Diagnostics Tool - TechRepublic
  - Search for > Memory Diagnostics Tool > Restart now
  - F1 = Options (Basic, Standard, Extended) (Extended test may take over eight hours.)
  - In the event that Windows Memory Diagnostics detects a memory error, your best bet will be to replace the RAM chip. If there is more than one RAM chip, you'll replace one chip at a time and rerun Windows Memory Diagnostics until you find out which is the memory chip with a problem.
- Recovery - ISO image file
- How to use the Windows 10 View Your Network Properties feature to obtain detailed information - TechRepublic
- Windows 10 tip: Turn on File History for automatic backups | ZDNet
- Windows 10 tip: Keep your Microsoft account secure with 2-factor authentication | ZDNet
- Windows 10: The best hidden features, tips, and tricks | ExtremeTech
- Navigating Windows 10: How to use Task view and Virtual Desktops | ExtremeTech - 24 pages
- Cortana
  - Six Windows 10 annoyances: How to make them go away for good | ZDNet
    - Settings > Accounts > Your email and accounts > Sign in with a local account instead
    - Settings > Privacy > Feedback & Diagnostics > Send your device data to Microsoft > Basic
    - Control Panel > Default Programs > Set your default programs > (select a program) > Set this program as default
    - Search (to bring up the Cortana pane) > Hamburger menu (≡) > Settings (gear icon) > Off (to turn off Cortana)
      - Win10-1607: Right-click the taskbar > Cortana > Hidden
      - Win10-1607: gpedit.msc (Group Policy Editor) > Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Search > Allow Cortana and set it to disabled
    - By default, the recovery keys for BitLocker encrypted drives are stored in your OneDrive account.
    - Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update > Advanced options > Choose how updates are installed > Notify to schedule restart
    - Settings > Accounts > Sign-in options > Privacy > Show account details > Off
      - Settings > Privacy > Account info > Let apps access my name, picture, and other account info > Off
  - How To Disable Cortana in Windows 10
- Microsoft Windows 10 Review | PCMag
- Windows 10: The smart person's guide - TechRepublic
- Windows 10 - No search results from control panel or settings! - Microsoft (Windows) Support - Neowin Forums
  - ViperAFK - Posted September 12, 2015
    C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Packages\windows.immersivecontrolpanel_cw5n1h2txyewy\LocalState
    Right-click the Indexed folder > Properties > Advanced > Check Allow files in this folder to have indexed in addition to file properties. Click Apply and Exit
- Feedback Hub - Microsoft Store
  - Windows 10 problem? Now everyone can gripe to Microsoft via Feedback Hub | ZDNet
- Recovery Drive
- Tips to Speed Up Windows 10 | PCMag
- Windows 10: The essential guide for business professionals - Tech Pro Research
  - 7 day Free Trial. Browse and read from the entire library of original IT research, expert analysis, ebooks and policies. - $300
- Windows 10: You've got questions, I've got answers | ZDNet
- Can My PC Run Windows 10 Fall Creators Update? | PCMag
- Windows 10 on an old PC: When it comes to specs, how low can you go? - TechRepublic
- How to Hide Anything in Windows
- The Ultimate Windows 10 Activation & License FAQ
- The Windows 10 privacy debacle: Five big issues to consider - TechRepublic
- Investigating Windows 10's Task Manager: More simplicity, more power - TechRepublic
- AskWoody | Newsletters/Alerts @ AskWoody
- Windows 10 Is Watching: Should You Be Worried?
- How to Upgrade to Windows 10 & Take Settings and Apps with You
- HP Printers That Work With Windows 10.
- Windows Can Do THIS? 15 Surprising Features You Had No Clue About
Windows 11
- To Upgrade or not to Upgrade? When?
  - October 2025, Microsoft will stop updating Windows 10.
  - Upgrade to the New Windows 11 OS | Microsoft
  - You shouldn't upgrade to Windows 11 yet | PCWorld
  - Windows 11 Review: Don’t Rush To Take That Free Upgrade
  - I wouldn’t upgrade to Windows 11 yet - here's why | Tom's Guide
  - Most corporate PCs can’t install Windows 11, study says @ AskWoody
- Windows 11 « @ AskWoody
- MBR / GPT
  - Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
  - How to convert MBR hard drive partitions to GPT - TechRepublic
    - To access the enhanced security features of UEFI, Windows 11 will forgo the older Master Boot Record (MBR) partition scheme and instead use the modern GUID Partition Table (GPT) scheme. If your Windows 10 computer is still using MBR, it will have to be converted to GPT before you will be allowed to update it to Windows 11.
    - cmd > diskmgmt.msc > R-click on the drive > Properties > Hardware (tab) > R-click on the drive > Properties (button) > Volumes (tab) > Populate (button) > Partition style: MBR/GUID
    - How to convert existing partitions for use with UEFI firmware - TechRepublic - Do a complete backup before making any kind of changes to a drive's structure.
    - Converting an MBR partition to a UEFI partition is accomplished with the help of a simple utility in Windows 10 called MBR2GPT.exe, which is accessed from the administrative command line. The important thing to note about this utility is that it will make the conversion without losing or overwriting any of your existing data.
      - mbr2gpt.exe /validate /allowfullos - (As a precaution, you should first validate that a conversion from MBR to GPT is feasible.)
      - xxxxxxxxxxxmbr2gpt.exe /convert /allowfullos - (To start the conversion)
      - Change the boot partition setting from MBR to UEFI before Windows 10 starts its booting process.
  - 10 things you should know about UEFI - TechRepublic
    - Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)
  - Windows 11 and Secure Boot
    - cmd > msinfo32 > BIOS Mode > Legacy/UEFI
    - If the BIOS Mode shows “Legacy” in the Boot setting in the computer BIOS, it must be switched from Legacy to UEFI mode.
    - Note: Switching the Boot Mode from Legacy to UEFI will make the current Windows installation unbootable and requires the reinstallation of Windows. Ensure to backup your personal data before you proceed with this action. Note that using mbr2gpt.exe may possibly avoid data loss. (see above)
- How to display version information on the Windows 11 desktop - TechRepublic
- Preparing your PC for Windows 11 @ AskWoody
  - Turn off your AV (Anti-Virus) program while doing the following operations:
  - Viewing Malwarebytes Anti-Malware v4.4.7.134 - OlderGeeks.com Freeware Downloads
  - Viewing Malwarebytes AdwCleaner v8.3.0 - OlderGeeks.com Freeware Downloads
  - Viewing SUPERAntiSpyware Free v10.0.1238 - OlderGeeks.com Freeware Downloads
  - Viewing DISM_GUI v1.1 - OlderGeeks.com Freeware Downloads - Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
  - Drivers & Downloads | Dell Canada
  - Download Drivers | NVIDIA
- Windows evolves: Windows 11, and the future of Windows 10 - TechRepublic
- Windows 11 Specifications - Microsoft
- Microsoft Doesn't Want You to Upgrade to Windows 11 | PCMag
- How to install Windows 11 on older, unsupported PCs - TechRepublic
- Windows 11 cheat sheet: Everything you need to know - TechRepublic
  - See also: TPM
- Microsoft's PC Health Check app - To find out if your PC meets the Windows 11 system requirements
  - Can Your PC Run Windows 11? Not if It's More Than 4 Years Old, Says Microsoft | PCMag
  - PCs purchased after 2019 are probably in luck. PCs purchased in 2018 are possibly out of luck. PCs purchased before 2017 are probably out of luck.
  - TPM (Trusted Platform Module) 2.0 chip enabled/activated in the BIOS, EUFI, Secure Boot capable, Internet connectivity, Microsoft account, 1GHz CPU dual-core 64-bit, 4GB RAM, DirectX 12 compatible graphics / WDDM 2.x, Display > 9" with HD Resolution (720p), 64GB storage
- 4 best new Windows 11 features
  - Get started with voice access - Microsoft Support
    - Start > Settings > Accessibility > Speech > Voice Access
  - Snipping Tool = PrintScreen key = Windows Key + Shift + S
  - Quick Assist
    - Solve PC problems over a remote connection - Microsoft Support
      - Windows key + Ctrl + Q)
      - ms-quick-assist://
  - Use live captions to better understand audio - Microsoft Support
    - It’s able to turn any audio playing on your computer into text, and available via Start > Settings > Accessibility > Captions.
- TPM (Trusted Platform Module) 2.0
  - 5 Ways To Check If Your PC Has TPM 2.0
  - TPMs come in two forms: a physical chip that's separate from the main processor, or a piece of firmware that's built into it.
  - Go to Control Panel and click on the Bitlocker Icon. If you don't see a BitLocker icon there's a high probability that your computer does NOT have a TPM compliant motherboard.
  - Windows 11 Will Be a Free Upgrade, But the System Requirements Are Going Up | PCMag
    - Our (PCMag) PC was only Windows 11-eligible after we went into our PC's BIOS settings, and activated the TPM firmware - a process that may be too technical for the average consumer. (In our case, turning on TPM involved activating the "ftpm" setting on our Asus B550 motherboard.)
    - To find out if your PC has a TPM chip, go to the search bar on Windows 10, and type in "TPM." Then click on "Security processor," which will let you know if TPM is installed and what version.
    - Device protection in Windows Security
  - A single Registry line enables Windows 11 without TPM 2.0 @ AskWoody
    - No. You don't really need Windows 11 (yet?). Windows 10 is still good enough.
  - Windows 11 Is Ultra-Secure, Don't Mess It Up | PCMag
    - With a computer that doesn’t meet the requirements for Windows 11, please don’t use the bypass. Stick with Windows 10, and start saving for a new, more secure computer.
  - Trusted Platform Module (Windows 10) - Microsoft 365 Security | Microsoft Docs
  - If you don't have TPM, you may just not have it turned on so Windows isn't picking it up. If you turn it on all will be good. Or for $30 you can buy a TPM module that will plug into your motherboard (assuming it's not a laptop).
  - Most people have a recent PC with a TPM 2.0 capable processor and if they look at their BIOS settings they will find a Trusted Platform setting and enable that and it will work fine.
  - Trusted Platform Module Technology Overview (Windows 10) - Microsoft 365 Security | Microsoft Docs
  - TPM.msc - Microsoft recommends that you avoid configuring the TPM through the TPM management console, TPM.msc. There are a few exceptions, mostly related to resetting or performing a clean installation on a PC. For more information, see Clear all the keys from the TPM. We're no longer actively developing the TPM management console beginning with Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10, version 1809.
  - How to activate TPM 2.0 and Secure Boot in Windows 10 - TechRepublic
  - Enable TPM 2.0 on your PC
  - The Security Chip Your PC Needs to Run Windows 11 - Flipboard
    - Run > tpm.msc
    - Windows 11 won't work on your PC without a TPM - how to check | Tom's Guide
    - What is a TPM? And here's why you need it for Windows 11 | Tom's Guide
    - Why Windows 11 is forcing everyone to use TPM chips - The Verge
    - Turns out Windows 11 does not need TPM 2.0 after all - MSPoweruser - only TPM 1.2 is required
    - What Is a TPM? How This Chip Can Protect Your Data | Laptop Mag
    - Microsoft Discloses TPM Chip Requirements For Windows 11 - only TPM 1.2 is required
    - Windows 11's TPM Requirement Surprised PC Builders, but You Can Enable It in BIOS | Tom's Hardware
      - TPM 2.0 is not supported in Legacy and CSM Modes of the BIOS. Devices with TPM 2.0 must have their BIOS mode configured as Native UEFI only. The Legacy and Compatibility Support Module (CSM) options must be disabled. For added security Enable the Secure Boot feature.
    - What Is a TPM, and Why Do I Need One for Windows 11? | PCMag
  - Microsoft Offers TPM 2.0 Bypass to Install Windows 11 on Unsupported PCs | PCMag
  - See also: Encryption ...
  - BitLocker Drive Encryption
- Intel Platform Trust Technology (Intel PTT) is an integrated TPM (Trusted-Platform Module) compliant with the TCG TPM 2.0 standard.
- Microsoft Hardware resources
  - Can My PC Run Windows 11? | PCMag
    - Start > Run > dxdiag.exe (= DirectX Diagnostic Tool)
    - Start > Settings > Display
    - Start > Settings > Update & Security > Windows Security, where a "Device security" module offers security processor details.
    - Reboot > Del or F4 or ?? > BIOS > Advanced (tab) > PCH-FW Configuration > Enable PTT -|- To enable TPM. PTT is Intel's name for a hardware implementation of a TPM 2.0 module.
  - How to tell if your PC can run Windows 11 - TechRepublic
  - Upgrade to the New Windows 11 OS | Microsoft - with hardware requirements and a compatibility checker
  - Windows 11 Specifications - Microsoft
  - Trusted Platform Module Technology Overview (Windows 10) - Microsoft 365 Security | Microsoft Docs = TPM
  - Windows Processor Requirements Windows 11 Supported Intel Processors | Microsoft Docs
  - Windows Processor Requirements Windows 11 Supported AMD Processors | Microsoft Docs
  - Windows Processor Requirements Windows 11 Supported Qualcomm Processors | Microsoft Docs
  - Lifecycle FAQ - Windows | Microsoft Docs
  - There are three key hardware requirements from this morass of information:
    - Windows 11 requires a 64-bit CPU;
    - Windows 11 requires TPM 2.0;
    - Windows 11 requires at least an eighth-generation Intel processor or an AMD processor from no earlier than 2019.
Associating file types to programs - To manually re-associate a file type to a different program:

Windows Explorer - Method #1 (Vista, Win7, Win8)

Right-click on the file and select "Open with"
Choose Program
Check the box - "Always use this program to open files of this type"

Windows Explorer - Method #2 (not for Vista, Win7, Win8)

Right-click on the file and select Properties
Open with...
Choose Program
Check the box - "Always use this program to open files of this type"

Windows Explorer - Method #3 (not for Vista, Win7, Win8)

Tools menu or View menu
Folder Options
Files Types (tab) (not for Vista, Win7, Win8)
Select the file type

Change or Edit (button)

Check the box - "Always use this program to open files of this type"

Advanced (button) (not for Vista, Win7, Win8)

Edit

Action - "Open"

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AumHa Forums - Supporting Users of Windows Desktop Systems
- Windows Support Center
98lite for enhancing and embedding Windows9x (3 versions: $0 Freeware, $5 Standard, $25 Pro) 98lite takes standard Windows features and transforms them into OPTIONAL COMPONENTS. You can then remove the superfluous features that trip you up and slow you down. Even Internet Explorer can be removed! There's no risk since 98lite installs components into the Windows add/remove options list and you can restore any feature you remove.
ActiveWin.com -- The Most Activating Ultimate Windows Resource Site

ActiveWin: Windows 2000 Tips & Tricks

FAQ...
Lockergnome - Free Technology E-mail Newsletters
MBR = Master Boot Record - See Recovery
--
Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
- See Recovery
- Why Does Windows Crash? The Top 10 Reasons
- How to Rescue a Crashed PC | PCMag
- Windows 8 Crashing? How To Easily Troubleshoot Blue Screen & Other Issues
- BSoDs can be a good thing — really! @ AskWoody (formerly WindowsSecrets.com)
- What to Do When Your Computer Won't Start | PCMag
- How to generate a complete memory dump on Windows 10
  - Windows 10 Dump Memory
    1. Search for System Configuration and select it.
    2. Click the Boot tab > Advanced options... .
    3. In the BOOT Advanced Options window, make sure the Maximum memory check box is selected and click OK.
    4. Click OK to close the System Configuration window.
    5. Click Exit without restart in the dialog window that may appear. You will restart the system later.
    6. Right click on This PC and go to Properties > Advanced system settings .
  - memory dump windows 10 - Bing
  - memory dump windows 10 - Google Search
  - BlueScreenView - Blue screen of death (STOP error) information in dump files - Download & Run (no installation required)
- Cloud Reset
- Safe Mode
Error & Event Messages
- No Boot Device Found. or No bootable devices found.
  - How to Fix No Bootable Device Not Found - YouTube
  - Restart > F12 > BIOS > EUFI
    - Check system date and time > change MB battery if necessary (Coin-cell battery - 3v CR2032 lithium coincell)
      - DL2032 vs CR2032: What's their Main Differences?
    - BIOS > EUFI/CSM/Legacy > Save > Restart
    - Unplug all USB devices > Restart
    - CrystalDiskInfo
- Windows 2000 Server CD > \Support\Tools\setup.exe
  - Start | Programs | Windows 2000 Support Tools | Tools Help
- TechNet Online
- Windows' Event Viewer keeps track of things like crashes and application errors to help you troubleshoot your PC.
  If Windows comes up and then freezes, something is wrong with your boot or autoloading sequence. The Event Viewer may tell you what.
  Select Start, Run, type eventvwr, and press Enter.
Microsoft
- TechNet Online
  - Windows XP Professional Top Knowledge Base Articles
- Public folder = C:Users\Public\ = %Public% = run shell:public
  - Create a shortcut using the %Public% environment variable, use the shell:public command, or pin the Public folder to the Quick Access list in Windows 10 (Favorites in Windows 7).
  - The Public profile resembles any other user profile, with five default subfolders: Documents, Downloads, Music, Pictures, and Videos. (Third-party programs can create subfolders here, too.) All files you save or copy to these locations are available without restriction to any user who signs in using an account available on that PC.
  - You can use the Public folder on a local network as well. Folders in the Public profile are available on a homegroup or to any remote user who signs in using any account set up on the PC serving as host.
- Reboot shortcut (Make this the command line for a shortcut) (Win 95/98)
  - C:\Windows\Rundll.exe user.exe,ExitWindowsExec
- Reset = Clean Install
  - Cloud Reset: Settings > Update & Security > Recovery -|- (when Windows crashes and there's no recovery drive or USB drive to reset the operating system. This remote option re-installs the same version of Windows previously running, but it will still require removing all your apps and personal files)
  - Microsoft Explains How “Cloud Download” Reinstalls Windows 10
    - Windows 10’s 20H1 update (or later) > Settings > Update & Security > Recovery and click “Get Started” under Reset This PC > Keep/Remove files > Cloud Download (to download the installation files from Microsoft’s servers)
  - Dell Computer Does Not Boot to Windows 10 | Dell Canada
    - Reset your Windows 10 operating system
      - If your computer files have been damaged, a reset of Windows 10 reinstalls these files without damaging your data. After the third attempt to boot has failed, Windows 10 will automatically boot into the Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE). Follow these steps to reset Windows 10:
        
        At the Choose an option screen, select Troubleshoot.
        
        At the Troubleshoot screen, select Reset this personal computer.
        
        At the Reset this PC screen, select Keep my files.
        
        Select your user account, and enter the password if prompted.
        
        Select Reset.
        
        Windows will perform the reset process
  - See also: Recovery > Repair Install
  - How to get out of Windows’ Automatic Repair loop - Plus membership
- Recovery
  - Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
  - Restore points ...
  - Data Recovery ...
  - Windows Installation & Setup ...
  - System Recovery
    - NTFS.com - NTFS File System General Information. Data Recovery
      - NTFS.com - Fixing and repair MBR.Fix MBR.Recover boot record.Recovery.
    - Be prepared: Create a Windows 10 Recovery Drive - TechRepublic
    - Get familiar with the Windows 10 Recovery Drive... before you need it - TechRepublic
    - MBR = Master Boot Record
      - NTFS.com - Fixing and repair MBR.Fix MBR.Recover boot record.Recovery.
      - FDISK /MBR Rewrites the Master Boot Record
    - Do a repair install of Windows 10 - By Ed Bott
      When all your troubleshooting fails and you're unable to solve a nagging Windows problem, you might be tempted to start fresh with a clean install. Before you take that drastic measure, consider a repair installation instead. This option lets you keep all your installed programs and settings, and it doesn't touch your data files.
      You won't find "repair install" on any official Microsoft documentation, but the option's readily available. All you have to do is upgrade Windows, using the same edition that's already installed.
      To perform this "upgrade," first make sure you have a complete backup of all your data files. Then download the latest Windows 10 installation media as an ISO file from https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10. Double-click to mount the ISO file as a virtual drive in File Explorer, and then double-click Setup to begin the repair installation.
      At the step where you're asked what you want to keep, choose the Keep Personal Files And Apps option, and then follow the prompts to complete Setup. When you're done, you'll have a fully refreshed copy of Windows 10, with your desktop programs, apps, and settings intact.
    - Bootable Recovery Drive
      - Do you have an up-to-date recovery drive for Windows 10? A bootable USB flash drive that contains the files needed to repair or reinstall Windows should be part of your troubleshooting toolkit. And if your computer is working well right now, this is a perfect time to create that recovery drive.
        For starters, you'll need a USB flash drive. A basic recovery drive must be at least 512 MB in size, but I recommend that you use a drive with at least 8 GB capacity instead; the larger drive will allow you to add Windows setup files and third-party drivers for ready access. The process of creating a recovery drive formats the drive and erases all data, so copy any important files from that removable drive before you proceed.
        Use the search box to locate and run the Recovery Drive utility (RecoveryDrive.exe), which is located in the WindowsSystem32 folder. On the first page, clear the Back Up System Files To The Recovery Drive check box. Then click Next and follow the wizard's prompts, selecting your destination drive.
        After the wizard finishes, you can copy Windows installation files to the recovery drive. Double-click the Windows ISO file to mount it as a virtual drive; then select its entire contents and drag them onto the recovery drive in File Explorer, choosing the option to replace existing files.
        Remove the drive, label it, and store it in a safe place. You never know when you'll need it.
        By Ed Bott - TechRepublic.com
    - How to Revive Windows 10 With a Recovery Drive | PCMag
    - Topic: 6000015 – Repair install of Windows 10 22H2 @ AskWoody
    - Dell Computer Does Not Boot to Windows 10 | Dell Canada - See Reset
- Download Windows 10
- Microsoft Explains How “Cloud Download” Reinstalls Windows 10 - See Reset
- How To - Windows 10 clean install tutorial | Tom's Hardware Forum
- Start fresh with a clean installation of Windows 10 - Installing a new version of Windows on your computer (clean install).
- 7 commands to reinstall or upgrade Windows 10 computers - TechRepublic
- How to Clean Up Windows 10 With the Fresh Start Tool | PCMag
- Windows 10 tip: Create a full image backup using this hidden tool | ZDNet
  - ISO = image file
  - sdclt.exe (= SafeDocs Client)
  - Look for the Create a system image command in the list on the left. Click that to kick off the backup wizard. You'll need an external hard disk or a network location to do an image backup, which is saved in VHD format.
  - To restore an image backup, you need to boot using the Windows Recovery Environment, then specify the location of your saved backup image.
  - How to Back Up and Restore an Image File of Windows 10 | News & Opinion | PCMag.com
    - System Image Backup creates an entire image file of Windows 10 rather than just select folders and files.
  - Windows 10 tip: Use an ISO file to create a bootable USB flash drive | ZDNet
Scripting
- WinBatch: Macro Scripting Total Windows Automation of System, Networking, and Software Applications. (US$105)
- Script Center
Sharing & Permissions
- How to View Network Shares in Windows 10
  - Task Manager (^ShiftEsc) > File (menu) > Run new task > compmgmt.msc
  - compmgmt.msc
  - fsmgmt.msc (to open the Shared Folders MMC snap-in)
  - cmd (Win-X > Command Prompt or PowerShell) > mmc compmgmt.msc
  - Windows > Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Computer Management > System Tools > Shared Folders
  - Windows > File/Windows Explorer > Network > double-click on the computer icon
  - cmd (Win-X > Command Prompt or PowerShell) > net share
  - cmd (Win-X > Command Prompt or PowerShell) > net view \\computername /all
  - How to Share File or Folder in Windows 10
    - Note: Give access to and Advanced sharing are two distinct methods of sharing but as mentioned above, the former changes local and network permissions whereas the latter option only changes network permissions. If you use both or combine both, they may cause conflicts or confusion over permissions. Due to permissions being set differently by both methods, in most cases you cannot stop Advanced sharing by choosing Give access to -> Remove access from the context menu and vice versa. Keep this in mind.
- Homegroup
Printers
- See printer.htm
Swynk.com: SQL Server, SMS, Exchange, Microsoft, BackOffice, IIS, FAQs
Training
- VUE Testing Services. The best technology, even better service.
- MeasureUp, Inc.
TweakUI ... - (PowerToys)

UPDATES

Fix Windows Update errors via DISM or System Update Readiness tool - Windows Server | Microsoft Learn
Microsoft | Software Download
Crash = BSOD = Blue Sceen of Death
Windows Update: FAQ
Windows 10 Release Information | Microsoft Docs
- This information-dense web page contains a concise listing of the release date and end-of-service date for every Windows 10 version. Even more important is the navigation pane on the left side, where you can find detailed information about known issues that affect the current release, incompatibilities with specific devices and third-party software, and previously reported issues that have been successfully resolved.
See also Windows 10 upgrade
Windows Updates
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/
http://www.microsoft.com/security/
Internet Explorer
Microsoft Download Center
- Download Windows 10
12 Things You Should Do Before Installing Windows 10 Creators Update (Version 1703)
How to Fix Another Installation is in Progress Error windows 10, 8 1 and 7 - YouTube
[FIX] We Can't Install Some Updates Because Other Updates Are In Progress - This did not help me at all.
Microsoft Windows Update Error message: "KB905474 - Microsoft Updates were unable to be successfully installed."
Configure Windows Update.
- you can defer updates by up to 30 days
- Check for updates - the second Tuesday of each month, the day on which Microsoft releases security updates for Windows
- Change active hours to specify your normal work hours
- Advanced options and set your deferral periods for monthly quality updates
- Settings > Privacy > Feedback & Diagnostics and change the setting under the Diagnostic Data heading from Full to Basic
Delay or defer Windows 10 updates
- To set deferral periods on an individual PC, go to Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update. Click Advanced Options and adjust the values under Choose When Updates Are Installed.
- To set deferral periods for multiple PCs, use the Group Policy settings found under Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Windows Update > Windows Update for Business.
Users are Reporting Lost Data After Installing Windows 10 October 2018 Update - ExtremeTech
Windows 10 May 2019 Update: How to delay it - TechRepublic
- Windows 10 October 2018 Update: How to delay it
  https://www.techrepublic.com/article/windows-10-spring-creators-update-how-to-delay-it/
  1. If you're running the Pro, Enterprise or Education versions of Windows 10 you can put off the upgrade for at least four months.
  2. Go to Settings > Update & security.
  3. Under 'Update settings', click the text 'Advanced options'.
  4. Under 'Choose when updates are installed' choose 'Semi-Annual Channel' from the dropdown menu.
  5. Changing this setting from the 'Semi-Annual Channel (Targeted)' option to 'Semi-Annual Channel', previously known as 'Current Branch for Business', typically defers feature updates like the October 2018 Update for about four months.
  6. To delay the update for longer than four months, click the dropdown menu under the text 'A feature update includes new capabilities and improvements. It can be deferred for this many days:'.
  7. In this dropdown menu select the number of additional days you would like to defer the update for, up to a maximum of 365.

Utilities / Tools ...

Windows Guide Network at WinGuides.com (recommended by Jay Jones-Doyle 2001-11-15)

Windows Timeline > Windows Timeline > November 18, 2005

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